Functionally Heterogenous Macrophage Subsets in the Pathogenesis of Giant Cell Arteritis

Once recruited, with the cues from the microenvironment, they differentiate into macrophages and produce pro-inflammatory cytokines and lead vascular remodeling. However, a deeper understanding of macrophage heterogeneity in GCA pathogenesis is needed to develop of novel diagnostic tools and targeted therapies. Here, we underline the macrophage heterogeneity and varied functions of macrophage subsets in the pathogenesis of GCA. Next, we discuss the role of macrophages and their products in vasculitis lesions in GCA as a source of novel biomarkers and as targets for nuclear imaging. Finally, we discuss novel macrophage-targeted therapies and future directions.

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